Greville Street in Mullingar, Co. Westmeath looks like a fine thoroughfare, if a bit on the muddy side. All the action appears to be taking place some distance from the photographer, which may limit what we find out about the shot.
man leans against wall outside cycle repair shop, another Flann O'Brien half truth.
the butchers animal display is fabulous, I remember as a child making straw castles from the wood shaving on the floor, shouting up under the cattle and pig carcasses, pulling the ligaments on chicken feet to make the toes work ; Tescos is not such fun, aye we knew how to get around the boredom then 😉
Foxglove
15/Jun/2020 09:10:27
the road has covered/ culvert drains which finish and open on the right and left sides of the road into an open cobbled drain
National Library of Ireland on The Commons
15/Jun/2020 09:10:52
I had a look at the 1901 census for Greville Street to find that ALL of the premises on both sides were owned by Lord Greville!!
Foxglove
15/Jun/2020 09:12:36
oh! between the drugstore and the butcher there is the entrance to a hotel but I cannot read the name
https://www.flickr.com/photos/nlireland Shop next door to man standing at end of lane is Day's Bazaar. Hotel next to Liptons was called The Central. Liptons were on this side of the street with a counter service shop till they moved across the street down next to the Ulster Bank in the mid 1960s.with a larger self service store. Drug hall became the Munster and Leinster Bank. O'Connell Tea Merchant later became F W Woolworths. Next to that became JJ Feeley newsagent. You have him in another photo at the corner of Greville St/ Mount st facing Canton Caseys Pub on the Market Square.Prior to his move. Out of frame to left of Day's Bazaar. is Number 34 Greville St It was Maguires Boot Merchant up to 1932 It then became W J Graham Grocery and Light hardware shop (Counter service) In 1959 it was demolished and rebuilt by Mr Graham and re opened as a self service grocery store. At one period in its history it was believed to be a coaching inn and the it has a rear access from Bishopsgate street. It also had a side access via the lane where man is standing. Cobbled area of pavement is to a lane way called Meeting House lane as there was a Quaker meeting house there. Will try to get link to OSI 25". Down the street on left hand side where large group of people are is Walshs Jewelers still there with original frontage. Shop by cobbled area of pavement looks as if it was a drapers as it has sign for Perth Dye works and it continues to be a drapers shop. It was J O'Donnall back in the 50s 60s and 70s It then became Tom Birmingham Mensware. lots of info and dates for Walshes M and L Bank and Ulster Bank on NIAH
Have any of you spotted any references to when the name changed from Greville Street to Oliver Plunkett Street?
cargeofg
15/Jun/2020 10:41:27
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Earl St became Pearse St And Grevllle St became Oliver Plunkett St post 1922. Bit before my time as I lived at Number 34 1959/60 till 1983. Will phone my Dad and ask him. Get back to you later. On a lap top today as my main computer with all my bookmarks etc broke down over the weekend. Typical NLI hit the bullseye with my home street and I am working at this with one hand tied.
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
15/Jun/2020 10:42:40
There are a couple of reverse views at different times but one might be the same as this. There are newspaper posters at the Feely corner store - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000317013
The other with a Grimes corner store - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000338354
My eyes are not good enough to read the poster, and there are good things on the tv! Anyone?
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia] That is the one catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000317013 T L Hutchinsons draper and shoe store later expanded into number 4. Gilmores with its James Cycle sign was hardware shop up into the 60s early 70s Then became a shoe shop Swarbriggs (yes The Swarbriggs before anyone asks) Gilmore name is still on tile floor doorway entrance to shop. Stone bollards also present at end of Martins Lane. I Have mentioned these in a ealier photo of a few months ago.T L Hutchinson name is still visible now on side of Number 2 in Martins Lane. Maybe someone can do a Google street view for me.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Phoned my Mum and Dad and all they could confirm was post 1922. My Mother worked for Mr T L Hutchinson as a driver and companion for his wife.Early 50s when he had moved out of town to house overlooking Lough Owel. She related to me that Mr Hutchinson when he lived over the shop would pick blackberries up in Domnick St at the site of where the Post Office is now.
seikinsou
15/Jun/2020 11:42:04
Fascinating view of such a familiar street, and lots of great comments, which I shall take with me for a closer look one of these days.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia Re L_ROY_10679, I can make out 'Irish Independent' and 'Roosevelt' campaign'
The Indo was formed in 1905, by the Vulture of Dartry and Teddy's campaign for reelection started in 1904.
So, quite a narrow date range, for once.
Edit. Forgot about his support for Taft in 1908/9 and for himself in 1912
How many times could they serve in those days?
😂 Don’t have anything to add but the fact that a colleague from the midlands taught me that wonderful expression “Beef to the heel like a Mullingar heifer.”
Architecture of Dublin
15/Jun/2020 13:36:13
https://www.flickr.com/photos/foxglove Th sign just says "Private Hotel" in ornate writing. As it is in the Lipton's building/"Lipton's Market" I assume it is Lipton's Hotel.
Other signs include Rogers Cycle Depot and Repair factory jsut beside it
M. O'Connell Tea and Wine Merchant
The sign on the ground to the left looks to say Freeman
One of the Drug Hall's to the left looks to say Carey under the window sil
The upsideown crate on the right says "FJ & Co" on it
The wool merchant to the right is probably Brett & Co
Niall McAuley
15/Jun/2020 13:38:22
The indo of that date also has a story titled The Roosevelt Campaign, so I think it is confirmed
Architecture of Dublin
15/Jun/2020 13:41:27
I can make out four ladders down the far end of the street? Is there bunting going home for a parade or some sort of celebration???
Niall McAuley
15/Jun/2020 13:51:07
I can't make much out on the Freeman poster. some sort of exhibition? (an international dental exhibition reported in Sept 1910?)
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
15/Jun/2020 13:52:33
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnmcauley] That's great with the date, but unfortunately I think the "Feely" reverse view is not the same day as today's photo. More likely the "Grimes" one - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000338354 - which shows the two pale blankets and 'Perth Dye' signs seen on the right here. (Also the 'Feely' photo is full of dead animal shops ...)
So back to the drawing board; maybe that "Freemans" sign is another newspaper poster?
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
15/Jun/2020 14:01:52
To further complicate and confuse, there is another photo mis-titled "Grenville" Street - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000559269 (including a DOG) - which might be the reverse view of the "Feely" one.
Spot the differences!
Ed. Disregard! This is an Eason photo ... wild goose chase!
Niall McAuley
15/Jun/2020 14:03:10
top Freeman headline could be French blah blah
french buy something?
The Sign says more than likely at the top in all caps in a non-serif font
"FREEMAN"
Other words that i can make out are NATIONAL EXHIBITION and potentially TRINITY COLLEGE
To be honest the later two word groups are actually more clear than FREEMAN. The name could even be something else like MEEHAN but it seems less likely
There are either or 6 or 7 letters "? (H or R) E E (W or H or M) (I or E) N".
It is easier to megazoom if you actually go into the NLI website rather than on Flickr
Niall McAuley
15/Jun/2020 15:31:16
rpgvlwqt88 I like Trinity College for the 2nd last line. There are several stories about a Trinity College Commission in October 1906
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia] It seems the shop to the imediate right in that photo is that of James Doyne, draper No. 48 can clearly be seen as well. It seems he was the town commissioner of Mullingar and a peace commissioner. Also had a wholesale business.
The shop to the immediate right in the current photos is probably Pat Brett, draper. The reason I guessed Davitt is because I have dealt before with an estate agent in Mullingar called Davitt and Davitt and thought it likely is a common name in the area!!
"Also elected was Pat Brett,a local shopkeeper who had set up the first Sinn Fein club in town in 1916." - from local history facebook
mullingar.ie/feature-mullingar-retail-history/
cargeofg
15/Jun/2020 16:26:44
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia I know it is an Eason but it is just a bit further back from Robert Frenchs position and includes Number 34. Also shows full shop front of Days Bazaar. Shot in the dark most shoe and boot merchants (and we saw this in Ballinasloe a week or so ago) would normally have a display ie a string of boots/shoes hung up either side of door way. Nothing showing so this Eason plate may be post 1932 when Mr Graham took over the shop. But can see no name on shop.
www.dia.ie/works/view/1637 - The Ulster Bank Building seems pretty rock solid at 1911 as Beachcomber said. The credit union (here the drug hall) isn't as certain though. It seems like quite a vague 1900
suckindeesel
16/Jun/2020 13:04:09
National Townland and Historical Map Viewer
geohive.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=9...
This sheet surveyed 1911, go to 'Layers' sub menu and turn on 'show attributes' to see date.
Just means that no Ulster Bank on right hand side at whatever date in 1911 that survey completed, though a bank is shown at far end of street on left
Edit [https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]] Just means an end date range early 1911
Edit www.dia.ie/works/view/1637 "Drawings" 1911. Hardly built yet [https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]]
Niall McAuley
16/Jun/2020 17:06:17
If anyone with access was inclined to search the Freemans archive, I think National Exhibition means 1904 on, few stories I 1900 to 1903, an explosion in 1904. The Army and Seized stories might be the Russo Japanese war? a steady number of Trinity College stories through the decade.
suckindeesel
16/Jun/2020 22:25:34
I wonder if 'ROGERS CYCLE FACTORY and REPAIR DEPOT' were related to R. G. Rogers of Mullingar, a late 19th century racing cyclist and 'cycle depor' owner. www.jstor.org/stable/43654519?read-now=1&refreqid=exc..., p630 refs 'Westmeath Nationalist, 9 Jan. 1896'
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]] No, its Liptons, as in the tea bag. There were hundreds of Liptons Markets in all the major towns in Britain and Ireland. They catered to the "lower" end of the market, selling cheaper bacon and poultry.
www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/evancoll/a/largeimage734...
abandoned railways
Fluid Beef , until 1889 it became Bovril.
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
Streetview - goo.gl/maps/6vV1GDizJj4E4ReN6 - it looks like all the buildings are still the same!
Foxglove
man leans against wall outside cycle repair shop, another Flann O'Brien half truth. the butchers animal display is fabulous, I remember as a child making straw castles from the wood shaving on the floor, shouting up under the cattle and pig carcasses, pulling the ligaments on chicken feet to make the toes work ; Tescos is not such fun, aye we knew how to get around the boredom then 😉
Foxglove
the road has covered/ culvert drains which finish and open on the right and left sides of the road into an open cobbled drain
National Library of Ireland on The Commons
I had a look at the 1901 census for Greville Street to find that ALL of the premises on both sides were owned by Lord Greville!!
Foxglove
oh! between the drugstore and the butcher there is the entrance to a hotel but I cannot read the name
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
Flickr is sometimes spookily extraordinary! How on earth does this happen?! In 2018 via https://www.flickr.com/photos/seikinsou/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/seikinsou/28351315799/
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
Aha! There is a bank on the right hand side which is not yet there (see note); the Ulster Bank Limited - goo.gl/maps/Bx3LQoYnGab41veF7 - when was that built? Ed. c. 1911 acccording to - www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/15310...
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
The Drug Hall building (see note) is c. 1900 - www.buildingsofireland.ie/buildings-search/building/15310... So 1900-1910 so far ...
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/nlireland Shop next door to man standing at end of lane is Day's Bazaar. Hotel next to Liptons was called The Central. Liptons were on this side of the street with a counter service shop till they moved across the street down next to the Ulster Bank in the mid 1960s.with a larger self service store. Drug hall became the Munster and Leinster Bank. O'Connell Tea Merchant later became F W Woolworths. Next to that became JJ Feeley newsagent. You have him in another photo at the corner of Greville St/ Mount st facing Canton Caseys Pub on the Market Square.Prior to his move. Out of frame to left of Day's Bazaar. is Number 34 Greville St It was Maguires Boot Merchant up to 1932 It then became W J Graham Grocery and Light hardware shop (Counter service) In 1959 it was demolished and rebuilt by Mr Graham and re opened as a self service grocery store. At one period in its history it was believed to be a coaching inn and the it has a rear access from Bishopsgate street. It also had a side access via the lane where man is standing. Cobbled area of pavement is to a lane way called Meeting House lane as there was a Quaker meeting house there. Will try to get link to OSI 25". Down the street on left hand side where large group of people are is Walshs Jewelers still there with original frontage. Shop by cobbled area of pavement looks as if it was a drapers as it has sign for Perth Dye works and it continues to be a drapers shop. It was J O'Donnall back in the 50s 60s and 70s It then became Tom Birmingham Mensware. lots of info and dates for Walshes M and L Bank and Ulster Bank on NIAH
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/abandonedrailsireland Men on ladders are down in Earl St (now Pearse St.)
Carol Maddock
Have any of you spotted any references to when the name changed from Greville Street to Oliver Plunkett Street?
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Earl St became Pearse St And Grevllle St became Oliver Plunkett St post 1922. Bit before my time as I lived at Number 34 1959/60 till 1983. Will phone my Dad and ask him. Get back to you later. On a lap top today as my main computer with all my bookmarks etc broke down over the weekend. Typical NLI hit the bullseye with my home street and I am working at this with one hand tied.
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
There are a couple of reverse views at different times but one might be the same as this. There are newspaper posters at the Feely corner store - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000317013 The other with a Grimes corner store - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000338354 My eyes are not good enough to read the poster, and there are good things on the tv! Anyone?
Carol Maddock
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Oh, I feel your pain. Always the way.
Carol Maddock
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia I thought it was agreed that you weren't allowed look at TV until you finished your eccer here?
cargeofg
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia] That is the one catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000317013 T L Hutchinsons draper and shoe store later expanded into number 4. Gilmores with its James Cycle sign was hardware shop up into the 60s early 70s Then became a shoe shop Swarbriggs (yes The Swarbriggs before anyone asks) Gilmore name is still on tile floor doorway entrance to shop. Stone bollards also present at end of Martins Lane. I Have mentioned these in a ealier photo of a few months ago.T L Hutchinson name is still visible now on side of Number 2 in Martins Lane. Maybe someone can do a Google street view for me.
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/abandonedrailsireland I was wondering what that was
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Phoned my Mum and Dad and all they could confirm was post 1922. My Mother worked for Mr T L Hutchinson as a driver and companion for his wife.Early 50s when he had moved out of town to house overlooking Lough Owel. She related to me that Mr Hutchinson when he lived over the shop would pick blackberries up in Domnick St at the site of where the Post Office is now.
seikinsou
Fascinating view of such a familiar street, and lots of great comments, which I shall take with me for a closer look one of these days.
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Perhaps your grandfather is in the crowd somewhere
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] No He would be in Co Clare.
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia Re L_ROY_10679, I can make out 'Irish Independent' and 'Roosevelt' campaign' The Indo was formed in 1905, by the Vulture of Dartry and Teddy's campaign for reelection started in 1904. So, quite a narrow date range, for once. Edit. Forgot about his support for Taft in 1908/9 and for himself in 1912 How many times could they serve in those days?
Carol Maddock
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] 'Tis far from picking blackberries I'd say you'd be now in the middle of Mullingar.
Niall McAuley
Shooting mishap at Balmoral, One of the king's party...
Niall McAuley
1910-09-02, Kings visitor shot
Architecture of Dublin
Famous sign to the right (only half of it is showing) https://www.flickr.com/photos/emmaporium/20844285959/in/photolist-91Q7kg-GXoDz1-UTjHwj-GYHq7A-GTEyHe-H2FxA8-H2FxDe-GYHq7W-bUCjSx-dStbWm-Fu6tVL-GUnace-nFksZC-ofRZMB-7qru8M-xKWq1F-ywTKVA-bTRT3X-Hy3KBF-gyH4tL-pJj3eA-TQiHjP-9qSGQs-XZi9KA-9EVzpg-A6zsSa-ow8CNd-2gaRtRJ-tiSjVN-dAitQi-odzYxU-owjQeM-oexs3A-dXL5nP-jjHHHa-6rt39f-otHj8Q-tAxt9D-Hy3HM8-8sTSmJ-bAaCaL-A4tsPQ-6XhMQC-34rnC7-2dNTtgY-owm4Lo-owkHZT-ou8AnL-oeBerU-odsD4X
Bernard Healy
😂 Don’t have anything to add but the fact that a colleague from the midlands taught me that wonderful expression “Beef to the heel like a Mullingar heifer.”
Architecture of Dublin
https://www.flickr.com/photos/foxglove Th sign just says "Private Hotel" in ornate writing. As it is in the Lipton's building/"Lipton's Market" I assume it is Lipton's Hotel. Other signs include Rogers Cycle Depot and Repair factory jsut beside it M. O'Connell Tea and Wine Merchant The sign on the ground to the left looks to say Freeman One of the Drug Hall's to the left looks to say Carey under the window sil The upsideown crate on the right says "FJ & Co" on it The wool merchant to the right is probably Brett & Co
Niall McAuley
The indo of that date also has a story titled The Roosevelt Campaign, so I think it is confirmed
Architecture of Dublin
I can make out four ladders down the far end of the street? Is there bunting going home for a parade or some sort of celebration???
Niall McAuley
I can't make much out on the Freeman poster. some sort of exhibition? (an international dental exhibition reported in Sept 1910?)
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnmcauley] That's great with the date, but unfortunately I think the "Feely" reverse view is not the same day as today's photo. More likely the "Grimes" one - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000338354 - which shows the two pale blankets and 'Perth Dye' signs seen on the right here. (Also the 'Feely' photo is full of dead animal shops ...) So back to the drawing board; maybe that "Freemans" sign is another newspaper poster?
ɹǝqɯoɔɥɔɐǝq
To further complicate and confuse, there is another photo mis-titled "Grenville" Street - catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000559269 (including a DOG) - which might be the reverse view of the "Feely" one. Spot the differences! Ed. Disregard! This is an Eason photo ... wild goose chase!
Niall McAuley
top Freeman headline could be French blah blah french buy something?
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] You might be lucky and get some up by The Royal Canal
Niall McAuley
if not 1910 like the other, National Exhibition is not much help.
Niall McAuley
something may have been seized by militants?
Architecture of Dublin
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/bernardhealy] www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=beef%20to%20the%2...
Architecture of Dublin
The Sign says more than likely at the top in all caps in a non-serif font "FREEMAN" Other words that i can make out are NATIONAL EXHIBITION and potentially TRINITY COLLEGE To be honest the later two word groups are actually more clear than FREEMAN. The name could even be something else like MEEHAN but it seems less likely There are either or 6 or 7 letters "? (H or R) E E (W or H or M) (I or E) N". It is easier to megazoom if you actually go into the NLI website rather than on Flickr
Niall McAuley
rpgvlwqt88 I like Trinity College for the 2nd last line. There are several stories about a Trinity College Commission in October 1906
Architecture of Dublin
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]/50009407846/in/dateposted-public/
Niall McAuley
I was hoping 1st line was French Buy United, but I think it is more likely to be Finance Bill Debated, a common headline
Niall McAuley
M. Egon Ronay Seized By Militants also seems unlikely. Is 4th from bottom Something Magazine?
Architecture of Dublin
https://www.flickr.com/photos/gnmcauley I dont think so. I was thinking "Army Pardons" but that doesnt even make sense
Architecture of Dublin
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia] It seems the shop to the imediate right in that photo is that of James Doyne, draper No. 48 can clearly be seen as well. It seems he was the town commissioner of Mullingar and a peace commissioner. Also had a wholesale business. The shop to the immediate right in the current photos is probably Pat Brett, draper. The reason I guessed Davitt is because I have dealt before with an estate agent in Mullingar called Davitt and Davitt and thought it likely is a common name in the area!! "Also elected was Pat Brett,a local shopkeeper who had set up the first Sinn Fein club in town in 1916." - from local history facebook mullingar.ie/feature-mullingar-retail-history/
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustralia I know it is an Eason but it is just a bit further back from Robert Frenchs position and includes Number 34. Also shows full shop front of Days Bazaar. Shot in the dark most shoe and boot merchants (and we saw this in Ballinasloe a week or so ago) would normally have a display ie a string of boots/shoes hung up either side of door way. Nothing showing so this Eason plate may be post 1932 when Mr Graham took over the shop. But can see no name on shop.
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/foxglove looks like 'Private Hotel'
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/beachcomberaustraliaThe 25" survey of 1911 shows only one bank in Grenville St, current location of BOI, behind camera in Market Sq.
cargeofg
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] Yes now current BOI but splitting hairs it is in Domnick St
Architecture of Dublin
www.dia.ie/works/view/1637 - The Ulster Bank Building seems pretty rock solid at 1911 as Beachcomber said. The credit union (here the drug hall) isn't as certain though. It seems like quite a vague 1900
suckindeesel
National Townland and Historical Map Viewer geohive.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=9... This sheet surveyed 1911, go to 'Layers' sub menu and turn on 'show attributes' to see date. Just means that no Ulster Bank on right hand side at whatever date in 1911 that survey completed, though a bank is shown at far end of street on left Edit [https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]] Just means an end date range early 1911 Edit www.dia.ie/works/view/1637 "Drawings" 1911. Hardly built yet [https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]]
Niall McAuley
If anyone with access was inclined to search the Freemans archive, I think National Exhibition means 1904 on, few stories I 1900 to 1903, an explosion in 1904. The Army and Seized stories might be the Russo Japanese war? a steady number of Trinity College stories through the decade.
suckindeesel
I wonder if 'ROGERS CYCLE FACTORY and REPAIR DEPOT' were related to R. G. Rogers of Mullingar, a late 19th century racing cyclist and 'cycle depor' owner. www.jstor.org/stable/43654519?read-now=1&refreqid=exc..., p630 refs 'Westmeath Nationalist, 9 Jan. 1896'
suckindeesel
The Lipton's Market on left selling fowl, with not a tea bag in sight, was part of the more well known tea business books.google.ie/books?id=IoNe4XlbcrgC&pg=RA1-PA9&... www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/evancoll/a/largeimage734...
suckindeesel
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected]] No, its Liptons, as in the tea bag. There were hundreds of Liptons Markets in all the major towns in Britain and Ireland. They catered to the "lower" end of the market, selling cheaper bacon and poultry. www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/evancoll/a/largeimage734...
suckindeesel
https://www.flickr.com/photos/[email protected] No, I mean the bank at 50 Oliver Plunkett St,
Dr. Ilia
Awesome!!!!!!!!!
Niall McAuley
I think one line is SEIZED BY RUSSIANS, so 1904 looking better